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Physiological Reviews Jan 1946
Topics: Blood Circulation; Cardiovascular System; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Vessels; Heart
PubMed: 21012599
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.1946.26.1.28 -
The Journal of Physiology Mar 1954
Topics: Blood Circulation; Humans
PubMed: 13152711
DOI: No ID Found -
Scientific Reports Aug 2022Modeling of biological domains and simulation of biophysical processes occurring in them can help inform medical procedures. However, when considering complex domains...
Modeling of biological domains and simulation of biophysical processes occurring in them can help inform medical procedures. However, when considering complex domains such as large regions of the human body, the complexities of blood vessel branching and variation of blood vessel dimensions present a major modeling challenge. Here, we present a Voxelized Multi-Physics Simulation (VoM-PhyS) framework to simulate coupled heat transfer and fluid flow using a multi-scale voxel mesh on a biological domain obtained. In this framework, flow in larger blood vessels is modeled using the Hagen-Poiseuille equation for a one-dimensional flow coupled with a three-dimensional two-compartment porous media model for capillary circulation in tissue. The Dirac distribution function is used as Sphere of Influence (SoI) parameter to couple the one-dimensional and three-dimensional flow. This blood flow system is coupled with a heat transfer solver to provide a complete thermo-physiological simulation. The framework is demonstrated on a frog tongue and further analysis is conducted to study the effect of convective heat exchange between blood vessels and tissue, and the effect of SoI on simulation results.
Topics: Blood Circulation; Body Temperature; Capillaries; Computer Simulation; Hot Temperature; Human Body; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Models, Biological
PubMed: 36028657
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18831-3 -
Circulation Research Jan 2016The microcirculation is responsible for orchestrating adjustments in vascular tone to match local tissue perfusion with oxygen demand. Beyond this metabolic dilation,... (Review)
Review
The microcirculation is responsible for orchestrating adjustments in vascular tone to match local tissue perfusion with oxygen demand. Beyond this metabolic dilation, the microvasculature plays a critical role in modulating vascular tone by endothelial release of an unusually diverse family of compounds including nitric oxide, other reactive oxygen species, and arachidonic acid metabolites. Animal models have provided excellent insight into mechanisms of vasoregulation in health and disease. However, there are unique aspects of the human microcirculation that serve as the focus of this review. The concept is put forth that vasculoparenchymal communication is multimodal, with vascular release of nitric oxide eliciting dilation and preserving normal parenchymal function by inhibiting inflammation and proliferation. Likewise, in disease or stress, endothelial release of reactive oxygen species mediates both dilation and parenchymal inflammation leading to cellular dysfunction, thrombosis, and fibrosis. Some pathways responsible for this stress-induced shift in mediator of vasodilation are proposed. This paradigm may help explain why microvascular dysfunction is such a powerful predictor of cardiovascular events and help identify new approaches to treatment and prevention.
Topics: Animals; Blood Circulation; Cardiovascular Diseases; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Microcirculation; Vasodilation
PubMed: 26837746
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.305364 -
Clinical Cardiology Dec 1996
Topics: Blood Circulation; Cardiology; History, 16th Century; Humans; Italy
PubMed: 8957603
DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960191214 -
Cardiovascular Journal of Africa 2009
Topics: Animals; Blood Circulation; Cardiology; Heart; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, Ancient; Humans; Pulmonary Circulation
PubMed: 19575077
DOI: No ID Found -
Canadian Journal of Physiology and... Jul 2020Over the past 66 years, our knowledge of the role of the endothelium in the regulation of cardiovascular function and dysfunction has advanced from the assumption that... (Review)
Review
Over the past 66 years, our knowledge of the role of the endothelium in the regulation of cardiovascular function and dysfunction has advanced from the assumption that it is a single layer of cells that serves as a barrier between the blood stream and vascular smooth muscle to an understanding of its role as an essential endocrine-like organ. In terms of historical contributions, we pay particular credit to (1) the Canadian scientist Dr. Rudolf Altschul who, based on pathological changes in the appearance of the endothelium, advanced the argument in 1954 that "one is only as old as one's endothelium" and (2) the American scientist Dr. Robert Furchgott, a 1998 Nobel Prize winner in Physiology or Medicine, who identified the importance of the endothelium in the regulation of blood flow. This review provides a brief history of how our knowledge of endothelial function has advanced and now recognize that the endothelium produces a plethora of signaling molecules possessing paracrine, autocrine, and, arguably, systemic hormone functions. In addition, the endothelium is a therapeutic target for the anti-diabetic drugs metformin, glucagon-like peptide I (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and inhibitors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) that offset the vascular disease associated with diabetes.
Topics: Blood Circulation; Diabetic Angiopathies; Endothelium, Vascular; History, 20th Century; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Physiology; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation
PubMed: 32150686
DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0677 -
Circulation Journal : Official Journal... Sep 2016
Topics: Blood Circulation; Humans; Periodicals as Topic
PubMed: 27581351
DOI: 10.1253/circj.CJ-66-0126 -
Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy Oct 2014Although cardiac arrest (CA) constitutes a major health problem with dismal prognosis, no specific drug therapy has been shown to improve survival to hospital discharge.... (Review)
Review
Although cardiac arrest (CA) constitutes a major health problem with dismal prognosis, no specific drug therapy has been shown to improve survival to hospital discharge. CA causes adrenal insufficiency which is associated with poor outcome and increased mortality. Adrenal insufficiency may manifest as an inability to increase cortisol secretion during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Several studies suggest that glucocorticoids during and after CPR seem to confer benefits with respect to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rates and long term survival. They have beneficial hemodynamic effects that may favor their use during CPR and in the early post-resuscitation period. Moreover, they have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties that improve organ function by reducing ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, glucocorticoid supplementation has shown conflicting results with regard to survival to hospital discharge and neurological outcome. The purpose of this article is to review the pathophysiology of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during CPR. Furthermore, this article reviews the effects of glucocorticoids use during CRP and the post-resuscitation phase.
Topics: Animals; Blood Circulation; Brain; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Glucocorticoids; Heart Arrest; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Pituitary-Adrenal System
PubMed: 25163464
DOI: 10.1007/s10557-014-6547-4 -
Anesthesiology 1965
Review
Topics: Blood Circulation; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Placenta; Placental Circulation; Pregnancy; Uterus
PubMed: 14313455
DOI: 10.1097/00000542-196507000-00009